大学英语四级词汇活记活用（26）

A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds (语声),and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.

Let’s look at this __1__ in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, __2__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __3__ world.

Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by __4__ of cries: for example, many birds utter __5__ calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter __6__ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. __7__ these various means of communication differ in important ways __8__ human language. For instance, animals’ cries do not __9__ thoughts and feelings clearly. This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that __10__ us to divide a human utterance into __11__.

We can change an utterance by __12__ one word in it with __13__: a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north“, __14__ who can change one word and say aircraft approaching from the north” or “tanks approaching from the west”; but a bird has a single alarm cry, __15__ means “danger!”
This is why the number of __16__ that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit (山雀) is a case __17__ point; it has about twenty different calls, __18__ in human language the number of possible utterances is __19__. It also explains why animal cries are very __20__ in meaning.

1.A) classification B) definition C) function D) perception

2.A) that B) it C) as D) what

3.A) native B) human C) physical D) animal

4.A) ways B) means C) methods D) approaches

5.A) mating B) exciting C) warning D) boring

6.A) identical B) similar C) different D) unfamiliar

7.A) But B) Therefore C) Afterwards D) Furthermore

8.A) about B) with C) from D) in

9.A) infer B) explain C) interpret D) express

10.A) encourages B) enables C) enforces D) ensures

11.A) speeches B) sounds C) words D) voices

12.A) replacing B) spelling C) pronouncing D) saying

13.A) ours B) theirs C) another D) others

14.A) so B) and C) but D) or

15.A) this B) that C) which D) it

16.A) signs B) gestures C) signals D) marks

17.A) in B) at C) of D) for

18.A) whereas B) since C) anyhow D) somehow

19.A) boundless B) changeable C) limitless D) ceaseless

20.A) ordinary B) alike C) common D) general

1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C
6. C 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B
11. C 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C
16. C 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. D

1.语境题.本题的解答需要对文章的第一段进行理解.第一段主要讲到了声音的作用,注意到本句中的more detail,即更多的细节,这说明本句话是对上一段的补充说明,所以应该选择表示作用意思的function.

2.语法题.分析本句话Let’s look at this __1__ in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, __2__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __3__ world.将本句中的主句及插入结构拿开不管,本题所考察的句子应该是it is language__2__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __3__ world.分析可知本句话是一个强调句.由此本题应该选择that.

3.词汇搭配题.分析本句话it is language, more than anything else, __2__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __3__ world.本句话的意思是是语言,而不是别的什么东西,把人和...世界区别开来.考察四个选项,根据常理,应该选择animal,即动物世界.

4.词汇搭配题.本题主要考查的是固定搭配by means of...意思为以...方式.而其他三个词语的搭配为:way ＋ to do/of doing sth. ,method ＋of,approach to＋名词.这四个词组都表示...的方法,方式的意思.

5.语境题.分析本句话many birds utter __5__ calls at the approach of danger.由句中的标志词danger可知应该选择warning.

6.语境题.分析本句话monkeys utter __66__ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure.猴子的叫声所表达的是生气,恐惧,高兴三种情绪,所以应该选择different.

7.语境题.本题考查两句话之间的逻辑关系.前一个句子讲鸟和猴子用叫声表达情绪,后一个句子讲交流的多种方法在方式上不同于人类的语言.

8.词汇搭配题.本题考查固定搭配differ...from...意思为与...不同.

9.语境题.本题运用复现结构的方法解题.在前面已经提到monkeys utter different cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure.本句中animals’ cries do not __9__ thoughts and feelings clearly.前面讲猴子用不同的叫声表达生气,恐惧,高兴,这一句又讲动物的叫声不能清楚的...想法和感觉.由此可知应该选择表达的动词形式 express.

10.词汇搭配题.本题所填词汇需要满足两个条件,首先满足结构*(动词) sb.to do sth.,另外要符合上下文的意思.由此可以确定应该选择enable,enable sb.to do sth.的意思是使某人能...

11.语境题.分析本句话divide a human utterance into __11__.意思是将人类语言划分为...,由divide...into...这个词组可以知道所填入的词语与human utterance是相关的词语.考察四个选项,speech的意思是说话,说话方式或演讲,由此可以排除该选项,因为两者意思相同.sound的意思是声音,word的意思是字,话,消息,词,诺言,命令,代码,voice的意思是声音,由此可以确定应该选择word.

12.语境题.本题应用到复现结构解答本题.分析本句话,We can change an utterance by __12__ one word in it with __13__,由by引导的部分是文章的方式状语,其实是与主句所表达意思是相近的.根据主句中的词语change,可以确定应该选择与其意思相近的 replace,意思为代替.

13.搭配题.首先分析句子We can change an utterance by __12__ one word in it with __13__,注意到文章中的one word,并且分析后面的内容可知,后面主要是讲人们的某一表达中,用一个词语代替另一个词语.由one可知,本题答案为another,即另一个.

14.语境题.本题是考查两句话之间的逻辑关系.分析句子a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north“, __14__ who can change one word and say aircraft approaching from the north”句中含有两个并列的定语从句,而两个从句之间的意思是相近的,所以应该选择and.

15.语法题.本题考查非限定性定语从句.分析句子a bird has a single alarm cry, __75__ means “danger!”由句中的逗号,以及句子的结构可以判断出是非限定性定语从句,由此可以确定选择which.

16.语境题.分析本句话,This is why the number of __16__ that an animal can make is very limited.本题所要求填入的词语是定语从句的先行词,由定语从句分析可知,从句所表达的意思与文章第二段所表达的动物的特殊的表达方式很有限意思是相同的.所以本题应该选择符合文章意思的表示动物特殊的表达方式,也就是信号的意思,由此确定选择signal.

17.词汇搭配题.本题考查固定搭配in point,意思为相关的,适用的.

18.语境题.本句主要考查两个句子之间的逻辑关系.分析本句话it has about twenty different calls, __18__ in human language the number of possible utterances is __19__.由分析可知,前半句是讲大山雀的,后半句话是将人的,本文的大意就是比较人类和动物语言的区别.由此可以确定选择表示然而意思的 whereas.

19.语境题.本题的解答需要理解本文的大意.本文主要讲动物的语言表达很有限,只能表达笼统的意思,而人类的语言很丰富,可以表达特定的意思.而本句前半句讲大山雀的20种叫声,而含半句是与前半句形成强对比的,所以应该选择含有无限的意思的limitless.

20.语境题.本句话是文章的最后一句话,又总结全文的意思.所以本题的解答依旧需要根据全文的大意来解题.由上一题分析可知人的语言可以表达具体特定的意思,而动物发出了声音只能表达笼统的意思.所以本题应该选择general.

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