大学英语四级词汇活记活用（23）
As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. I’ve been __1__ only once—for a woman who had merely fainted. But the __2__ made me quite curious about how __3__ this kind of thing happens.I wondered what I would do if __4__ with a real midair medical emergency-without access __5__ a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So __6__ the New England Journal of Medicine last week __7__ a study about in-flight medical events,I read it __8__ interest.
The study estimated that there are a(n) __9__ of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not __10__; fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints. __11__ 13% of them –roughly four a day—are serious enough to __12__ a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies __13__ heart trouble, strokes, and difficulty breathing.
Let’s face it: plane rides are __14__. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly __15__ they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty __86__, but passengers with heart disease __17__ experience chest pains as result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. __18__ common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis—the so-called economy class syndrome (综合症).__19__ happens, don’t panic. Things are getting better on the in-flight-emergency front. Thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at __20__ one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.
1.A) called B) addressed C) informed D) surveyed
2.A) Accident B) condition C) incident D) disaster
3.A) soon B) long C) many D) often
4.A) confronted B) treated C) identified D) provided
5.A) for B) to C) by D) through
6.A) before B) since C) when D) while
7.A) collected B) conducted C) discovered D) published
8.A) by B) of C) with D) in
9.A) amount B) average C) sum D) number
10.A) significant B) heavy C) common D) serious
11.A) For B) On C) But D) So
12.A) require B) inspire C) engage D) command
13.A) include B) confine C) imply D) contain
14.A) enjoyable B) stimulating C) tedious D) stressful
15.A) who B) what C) which D) that
16.A) harshly B) reluctantly C) easily D) casually
17.A) ought to B) may C) used to D) need
18.A) Any B) One C) Other D) Another
19.A) Whatever B) Whichever C) Whenever D) Wherever
20.A) most B) worst C) least D) best
答案：
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B
6. C 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D
11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. A
16. C 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. C
1.语境题.本题的解答有赖于对上下文的理解.文章开头的第一句是主题句,意思是作为一个到过很多地方的医生,我在飞机上花费了很多时间,听到了那样的可怕的事情"飞机上有医生吗?".而第二句是讲自己曾经经历过一次这样的事情.作者作为医生,是被叫到去救人的.所以考察四个选项,call是做合适的.
2.语境题.分析上下文可知,该题所填入的词是指上一句中我经历的那件事,考察四个选项,可知应该选accident,其意思为事故,意外的事情.本题有可能误选condition,这是由于受到中文表达的影响,只要分析上下文的语态,就可以排除condition.
3.语境题.本题首先应该明确四个选项词汇各表示什么.how soon指在多长时间之后,how long指多长的时段,how many值数量的多少,how often指事情发生的频率.在分析本句话how __3__ this kind of thing happens.由this kind of thing可以首先排除how many,再根据中文表达习惯,可以确定应该选择how often,意思为这样的事情多长时间会发生一次.
4.词汇搭配题.本题所填入的词汇须满足两个条件,首先可以和介词with搭配,其次符合上下文的意思.由此可以确定应该选择confront.confront with的意思为使面临, 使面对,本句意思为当遇到这样的半空中的医疗事故.
5.词汇搭配题.本题考查access与介词构成短语的意思的辨析.由此可以确定正确答案为access to,意思为接近；通向…的入口.本句话的意思为在没有医护人员和通常的急救设备的情况下.
6.语境题.对本题所在的句子完整分析后,前半句话在句中作状语,并且是做时间状语,所以应该选择when.
注意在引导时间状语从句时when和while的区别.when，while都有“当……时候”的意思.when既可表示某一点时间,也可以表示某一段时间.在when引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生.while只能表示某一段时间,不能表示某一点时间.在while引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在.另外,when和while的区别还在于：while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态,而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态.
7.词汇搭配题.分析本句话,the New England Journal of Medicine last week __7__ a study about in flight medical events.其主语为the New England Journal of Medicine,宾语为a study,由此可以确定应该选择含有发布意思的publish.
8.词汇搭配题.本题考查固定搭配with interest,其意思为有兴趣地,带利息,通过某种关系.
9.语境题.本题的解答有赖于对本句话理解,注意到本句中的estimate和every day,并且考察四个选项后,可知应该选择average,即平均每天有三十个空中医疗事件发生.
10.语境题.本题乍一看并不知道所填入的形容词到底是什么,但当看到下一句后就可以确定答案.fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints,其意思为昏厥和头昏是最经常发生的疾病.由此可知这些医疗时间都是不太严重的,由此可以确定第十题应该选serious.
11.语境题.本题主要考察两个句子之间的逻辑关系,需要综合考虑上下文.上句中说他们中的大部分都不严重,下一句又说他们中的13%严重到要求飞行员改变航线.由此可以确定两句话之间是转折的关系,应该选择but.
12.词汇搭配题.本题所填入的词汇需要满足连个条件,首先可以构成*(动词) sb.to do sth.,其次还要符合上下埃文的意思.由此首先可以排除B和C两个选项.require比command的语气要弱,require只是要求,而 command含有命令的意思,对于如此紧急的时间,应该选用command.
13.语境题.分析本句话The most common of the serious emergencies __13__ heart trouble, strokes, and difficulty breathing.前面总述the serious emergencies,后面是分述几种疾病,由此可以确定应该选择include,其意思为含有,包括.
14.语境题.本题乍一看并不知道所填入的形容词到底是什么,但当看到下一句后就可以确定答案.下文中讲如果你在高于海平面5000到8000英尺的地方机舱内的压力就会粗暴的袭击他们自己.由此可以判断出前面所填入的形容词是stressful,意思为有压力的,急迫的.
15.语境题.本题考查定语从句的关系代词,分析可知从句的先行词为they,由此可知应该选择who.
16.语境题.本题的解答需要考查下一句话.由下句话开头的but可知,前后两个分句的意思是相反的.后面将由心脏病的乘客会由于其血液中的含氧量的降低而发病,说明这些心脏病人很难忍受这种压力.由此可以推断出正常人可以很轻松的应对这种压力,由此可知正确答案为easily.
17.词汇搭配题.分析可知,本句话中的主语passengers with heart disease __17__ experience chest pains.其中心语为passengers,其后为其定语,由experience并考察四个选项,确定应该选择used to,意思为过去习惯于…,过去经常… .
18.词汇搭配题.分析本句话__18__ common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis.注意到句中的problem和is,考察四个选项,首先可以排除any,由于前面没有one,所以可以排除other和 another.所以正确答案为one.
19.语境题.前面句子讲在飞行中的一个常见问题是所谓的经济舱综合症,再分析本句话__19__ happens, don’t panic....发生,都不要恐慌.句中的__19__ happens为让步状语.由于此处为特指经济舱综合症所以可以排除whatever,所以可以确定正确答案为whenever.
20.语境题.分析本句话flights with at __20__ one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.注意到句中的one attendant,由此可以确定应该选择at least,表示至少.
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