第8课：过去式动词

一.本课要点及示例

   在这一课里, 我们继续学习过去式动词.

   首先还是依照惯例,  请你听一段对话,   内容是说彼得星期六下午遇见了他的同学玛丽,  两个人谈到星期五晚上学校开舞会的事情. 现在我请两位英文老师念
这段对话, 请你特别注意英文老师的发音和语调.

   M: Where were you this morning?
   F:  This morning? I was at home, helping my mother.
   M: Why weren't you at school? Weren't you on the clean up committee for the dance?
   F:  No, I wasn't on that committee. I was on the decorating committee.
   M: Oh! Well, the decorations were very nice.
   F:  We worked on them all day Friday. Were you at the dance last night?
   M: Yes, I was. I didn't see you there.
   F:  I was there, but there  were a lot of people, and I didn't   stay very long.
   M: It was a nice dance, wasn't it?
   F:  Yes, I enjoyed it very much.

   现在我再请英文老师把整段对话用慢速度念一遍. 这次请你特别注意对话里的过去式动词.

   M: Where were you this morning?
   F:  This morning? I was at home, helping my mother.
   M: Why weren't you at school? Weren't you on the clean up committee for the dance?
   F:  No, I wasn't on that committee. I was on the decorating committee.
   M: Oh! Well, the decorations were very nice.
   F:  We worked on them all day Friday. Were you at the dance last night?
   M: Yes, I was. I didn't see you there.
   F:  I was there, but there were a lot of  people, and I didn't   stay very long.
   M: It was a nice dance, wasn't it?
   F:  Yes, I enjoyed it very much.

   在刚才那段对话里有几种不同的过去式动词,   现在我挑选出几个例子, 请英文老师再用慢速度念一遍:

   M: Where were you this morning?
   F:  I was at home.
   M: Why weren't you at school?
   F:  I wasn't on that committee.
   F:  We worked on them all day Friday.
   M: I didn't see you there.
   F:  I enjoyed it very much.

二.BE的过去式

   好了, 现在我们开始作练习. 首先我们练习动词 be,  b-e,   be 的过去式.下面我举的例子都是跟刚才那段对话有关系的.   比方彼得跟玛丽参加了学校的舞会,  这个舞会是在学校体育馆举行的等等. 每个句子我们念两遍, 请你听一句, 跟着老师重复一句.

   M: Peter and Mary were at the dance last Friday night.
   F:  Peter and Mary were at the dance last Friday night.
   M: There were a lot of people at the dance.
   F:  There were a lot of people at the dance.
   M: It was a nice dance.
   F:  It was a nice dance.
   M: The dance was in the school gymnasium.
   F:  The dance was in the school gymnasium.
   M: Mary was on the decorating committee.
   F:  Mary was on the decorating committee.
   M: Peter was on the clean up committee.
   F:  Peter was on the clean up committee.

   下面一组练习是把 was 跟否定式 was not  也就是 wasn't 作个比较. 句子的内容还是跟刚才那段对话有关系. 每个句子我们还是念两遍, 请你听一遍, 跟着老师重复一遍. 

   M: Mary was at home this morning, but Peter wasn't.
   F:  Mary was at home this morning, but Peter wasn't.
   M: Peter was at school this morning, but Mary wasn't.
   F:  Peter was at school this morning, but Mary wasn't.
   M: Mary was on the decorating committee, but Peter wasn't.
   F:  Mary was on the decorating committee, but Peter wasn't.
   M: Peter was on the clean up committee, but Mary wasn't.
   F:  Peter was on the clean up committee, but Mary wasn't.

   下面一组练习是比较 were 跟否定式 were not  也就是 weren't.  还是请你听一遍跟着老师重复一遍.

   M: Peter and Mary were at the dance last Friday night, but Henry and Kate weren't.
   F:  Peter and Mary were at the dance last Friday night, but Henry and Kate weren't.
   M: There were a lot of students at the dance, but there weren't a lot of teachers.
   F:  There were a lot of students at the dance, but there weren't a lot of teachers.

三.复习规则动词的过去式

   现在我们来复习规则动词过去式. 下面这组换字练习的内容是说学生举行舞会的经过, 比方他们舞会之前画海报, 请乐队,   舞会之后清理会场等等.  老师先念一个句子, 接着老师念一个新词组, 叫学生把新词组代换到原来的句子里. 请你跟学生一起作练习. 现在我们开始.

   M: The students worked very hard for the dance.
   M: needed to decorate the gymnasium
   F:  The students needed to decorate the gymnasium.
   M: painted posters for the dance
   F:  The students painted posters for the dance.
   M: hired a band to play music
   F:  The students hired a band to play music.
   M: danced with their partners
   F:  The students danced with their partners.
   M: talked when they danced
   F:  The students talked when they danced.
   M: enjoyed the dance very much
   F:  The students enjoyed the dance very much.
   M: cleaned up the gymnasium after the dance
   F:  The students cleaned up the gymnasium after the dance.

四.几个不规则动词过去式做用字问答练习

   下面我们练习几个不规则动词过去式. 首先我们学习   pay, p-a-y, pay 的过去式paid, p-a-i-d, paid. 现在英文老师用 did 提出一些跟学生舞会有关系的过去式问句, 每问一句, 他就给你一个简短的答覆,   请你根据他提出的词组和 paid  来回答问题. 我先给你举一个例子.

   M: Did the students pay some money for the dance?
   M: Yes
   F: Yes, the students paid some money for the dance.

   好了, 现在我们开始作练习.  每作完一句, 老师会念出正确的答案, 你自己比较
一下, 看作得对不对.

   M: Did the students pay some money for the dance?
   M: Yes
   F:  Yes, the students paid some money for the dance.
   M: Did all of them pay?
   M: Yes
   F:  Yes, all of them paid.
   M: When did they pay the money?
   M: last Monday
   F:  They paid the money last Monday.

   下面我们要练习的两个动词 buy,  b-u-y, buy 跟 bring, b-r-i-n-g, bring 在变成过去式的时候有共同点:  buy  变成  bought,   b-o-u-g-h-t,  bought;  bring 变成   brought,
b-r-o-u-g-h-t, brought. 现在我们来练习这两个不规则动词过去式.  还是由老师用did 和现在式动词提出问句, 然后老师给你一个词组,请你用这个词组跟 bought或是 brought 回答问题. 这些问题都是说到学生为了开舞会,到超级市场买了食物和饮料, 他们带了朋友一起参加舞会之类跟舞会有关系的问题.  在你回答问题之后还是请你听正确的答案.

   M: Did the students buy a lot of things for the dance?
   M: Yes
   F:  Yes, they bought a lot of things.
   M: What did they buy?
   M: food and drinks
   F:  They bought food and drinks. 
   M: Where did they buy them?
   M: in the supermarket
   F:  They bought them in the supermarket.
   M: Who did the students bring to the dance?
   M: their friends
   F:  They brought their friends to the dance.
   M: Where did the students bring their friends?
   M: gymnasium
   F:  They brought their friends to the gymnasium.

   下面我们要练习的三个不规则动词 begin,  b-e-g-i-n,   begin,  drink,  d-r-i-n-k, drink跟 sing,  s-i-n-g, sing  在变成过去式的时候   "i"  都变成  "a",  所以  begin 变成了began; drink 变成了 drank; sing 了变成 sang.   现在我们还是跟刚才一样作练习.
老师提出的问题还是都是跟舞会有关系的,   比方舞会几点钟开始,  学生在舞会里喝了柠檬水跟可口可乐,   玛丽在舞会里唱了什么歌等等.  还是请你根据老师给你的词组来回答问题.  回答之后, 还是请你听正确答案.

   M: When did the dance begin?
   M: at 7 o'clock
   F:  The dance began at 7 o'clock
   M: When did the students begin to dance?
   M: at 7:30
   F:  They began to dance at 7:30.
   M: What did the students drink at the dance?
   M: lemonade and Coca Cola
   F:  They drank lemonade and Coca Cola.
   M: Did some of them drink coffee?
   M: Yes
   F:  Yes, some of them drank coffee.
   M: Did Mary sing at the dance?
   M: Yes
   F:  Yes, Mary sang at the dance.
   M: What did Mary sing?
   M: an American song
   F:  Mary sang an American song.

   我们今天要练习的最后一个不规则动词过去式就是come, c-o-m-e, come 的过去式  came,  c-a-m-e, came.   现在我们按照刚才的方式来练习.  请你用老师提出的词组跟 came  回答学生是几点钟来到会场,   他们是怎么去的等等有关舞会的问题. 回答之后, 请你跟老师念的正确答案作个比较.

   M: Did a lot of people come to the dance?
   M: Yes
   F:  Yes, a lot of people came to the dance.
   M: When did most of them come?
   M: at 7 o'clock
   F:  Most of them came at 7 o'clock.
   M: How did most of them come?
   M: by car
   F:  Most of them came by car.

五.听短文回答问题

   首先还是请你听一段文章, 内容是说在美国大学和高中里学生为了周未开舞会成立委员会的事情, 还提到了彼德和玛丽学校里开舞会的种种情况.

   现在请你注意听.

   In American  colleges  and  high  schools,  students often have  dances  at   their  schools on weekends.  Students usually plan the dances and do a lot of  work   for them.  They do  this in committees. There was a dance last Friday night at  Peter and   Mary's school. Mary  was on the decorating committee and Peter was on  the clean up committee.    The dance was in  the   school gymnasium. Every student paid  two  dollars  for the dance.   They  spent some of the money on decorations  and they hired a band to play music.  They   also  bought some  food  and  drinks.  The dance  began at 7 o' clock.  Nearly   500  people came.  Most of  them were students of  Peter and Mary's school.  Some  students   brought  friends  from  other  schools.  Everyone danced and  had a good time.

   刚才那段文章比较长,   但是我们今天的练习都是根据那段文章编的,  所以应该
不太难懂. 你要是没全懂, 等一会儿老师会再念一遍. 现在老师先把今天测验的三个问题念给你听.

   第一个问题是:
   M: What do American students often do on weekends?
   第二个问题是:
   M: What committees were Peter and Mary on?
   第三个问题是:
   M: How did the students spend their money for the dance?

   现在老师再把整段文章念一遍, 请你注意刚才三个问题的答案.

   In American  colleges  and  high  schools,  students often have  dances  at   their  schools on weekends.  Students usually plan the dances and do a lot of  work   for them.  They do  this in committees. There was a dance last Friday night at  Peter and   Mary's school. Mary  was on  the decorating committee and Peter was on  the clean up committee.    The dance was in  the  school gymnasium. Every student paid  two  dollars  for the dance.   They  spent some of the  money on decorations  and they hired a band to play music.  They   also  bought some  food  and  drinks.  The dance  began at 7 o' clock.  Nearly   500  people came.  Most of  them were students of  Peter and Mary's school.  Some  students   brought  friends  from  other  schools.   Everyone danced and  had a good time.

   现在请你回答问题. 回答之后, 请你听正确答案.

   第一个问题是:
   M: What do American students often do on weekends?
   F:  They often have dances at their schools on weekends.
   第二个问题是:
   M: What committees were Peter and Mary on?
   F:  They were on the decorating and clean up committees.
   第三个问题是:
   M: How did the students spend their money for the dance?
   F:  They  spent  some of the  money  for decorations.  They  hired  a  band  and  they bought some food and drinks.