长难句过关：第五章 分词和从句（2）

In fact, "learning to use a computer" is like "learning to play a game", but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same.

Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation.

My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.

要点： "learning to use a computer"和" learning to play a game"均为动名词短语，分别做主语和表语。but连接两个并列句，其中后一句里"whose rules may not be the same"为非限制性定语从句，修饰"a second game."
译文：事实上，学习使用计算机就像学玩游戏一样，但是学了一个游戏规则可能无助于你玩第二个游戏，因为游戏的规则可能有所不同。

要点： "those"后有定语从句修饰。该定语从句为：who oppose the building of flats."the assumption"后有一同位语从句修饰，即"that everyone prefers an individual home and garden". "base on"有"the assumption"和" the high cost"两个并列短语。
译文：那些反对建公寓的人所根据的主要理由是，他们认为每个人都想拥有单独的住宅和花园，另外，公寓楼每个居住单元的成本太高。

要点：that引导的是一个表语从句，这个表语从句的主干结构为"the complaint is inevitable"."complaint"由后面的介词短语"of one generation about the one(generation) immediately following it"修饰。
译文：我要强调的是一代人对其下一代的抱怨是不可避免的.

Excrise

Someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more congnitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.

When building space on the ground becomes scarce use must be made of the space in the air.

Ｗhen a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.

要点：句首的someone后有介词短语with a history of doing more rather than less 对其进行修饰。第二个someone后有一个定语从句who has not had an active mind对其进行修饰。“sound”在此句中的意思为“健康，健全”。
译文:经常积极思考的人进入老年后,比不积极思考的人在认知方面更加健康.

要点：主句的谓语use must be made of the space in the air.是被动语态。在英语中“动词＋名词＋介词”类的短语将主动语态改为被动语态有两种改法。一种是将词组中的名词上升为主语；另一种是将介词后面的宾语升为主语。
举例：主语态：They take care of the babies.
被动态１Care of the babies are taken by them.
被动态２The babies are taken care by them.
在本句中是采用了第一种做法，全句的主动语态为Ｗe must take use of the space in the air.
译文：当地面的建筑空间变得紧张时，我们必须在空中拓展空间。

要点：when引导时间状语从句，直到逗号为止。"an　item"后有定语从句"she or he bought "对其修饰，" in some way "意为在某一方面，"live up to"意为达到。。。标准。
译文：消费者一旦发现所购商品有缺陷或者在某一方面不能达到生产厂家宣称的标准，应采取的第一步是向购物商店出示保单或其他有效的证据。

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