will与would用法详解

1. 表示意愿

will 表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿：

I will pay you at the rate you ask. 我愿意照你要求的价钱付款。

Go where you will. 你愿到哪里就到哪里。

He wouldn’t help me yesterday. 他昨天不愿帮助我。

She asked if I would go with them. 她问我是否愿同他们一起去。

【注】(1) 表示“意愿”的 will 有时可用于条件句中：

If you will allow me, I will see you home. 如果你同意，我可以送你回家。

(2) would也可表示现在的意愿，语气较委婉：

I’d go there with you. 我愿同你去那儿。

I wouldn’t go. 我不会去。

2. 表示征求意见或提出请求

主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时并不表过去，而表示委婉语气：

Won’t you take off your coat? 你要不要把大衣脱掉?

Will [would] you please post the letter for me? 请帮我寄了这封信好吗?

Would Sunday night suit you? 星期天晚上适合你吗?

【注】(1) 有时为使语气委婉，可用否定式。总的说来，用would比用will委婉，用won’t和wouldn’t比单独用will和would要委婉。

(2) would有时用于提出想法，通常与like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等连用，若用于第一人称有时也可将would换成should：

I’d like [love] to have a look at it. 我想看看它。

I would prefer not to go out today. 我今天不想出去。

3. 表示习惯和倾向性

will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯：

Oil will float on water. 油总是浮在水上。

This window won’t open. 这扇窗户经常打不开。

He’ll talk for hours, if you let him. 你要让他讲，他会讲几个小时。

The wound would not heal. (过去)伤口老不愈合。

When he was a child, he would often go skiing. 他小时候经常去滑雪。

He would sit there for hours sometimes doing nothing at all. 有时他在那里一坐几个钟头，什么也不做。

【注】有时would表示经常发生的令人不耐烦的事：

That’s just like him—he would lose his keys! 他就是这样，老丢钥匙!

4. 表示推测

will用于谈论现在，would可用于谈论过去，也可用于谈论现在(语气较委婉)：

This car will hold six people. 这辆小汽车可以坐六个人。

Ask him. He will know. 问问他吧，他大概知道。

You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。

Every family would have some sort of trouble. 家家都会有本难念的经。

The person you mentioned would be her father, is that right? 你提的那个人想必是她的父亲，对吗?

【注】有时可后接完成式，表示对过去可能已经发生的情况进行推测：

You will have heard of it. 你已经听到那事了吧。(from www.yygrammar.com)

I thought you would have finished it by now. 我想你现在可能已经做完了吧。

5. 表示执意或决心

will表示现在的执意和决心，would表示过去的执意和决心：

“Tell me the secret.” “I won’t.”“把秘密告诉我。”“我才不哩。”

I won’t have anything said against her. 我绝不让谁说她的坏话。

He would do it, though I told him not to. 虽然我叫他不要做，可是他偏要做。

【注】此用法可视为表意愿的加强用法，即强烈的意愿即为决心。

6. 其他用法

will 还可表示许诺、指示、叮嘱等，而would还可用于评论某一特定的行为等：

You will have your share. 你会得到你那一份的。

You will do as I told you. 你得照我说的去做。

That’s just what he would say. 他就是爱那样讲话。

You would never do anything to hurt me. 你绝不会做伤害我的事的。

7. would与虚拟条件句

有时用would，可视为是省略了或包含有相关条件的虚拟语气：

I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可能亲自去看她，那样更好些。(=It would be better if I saw her personally.)

She’d be stupid not to accept. 她不接受那才笨呢。(=She would be stupid if the didn’t accept.)

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