中国将出台新的高考模式--针对技术人才的高考

中国将出台新的高考模式--针对技术人才的高考

Tests for skilled workers

A reform plan unveiled recently by the Vice-Minister of Education Lu Xin will divide the national college entrance examination into academic and vocational paths, with the former designated for academically inclined candidates and the latter for technically inclined ones.

A college-educated workforce is important, but it is not the only pillar of a national economy, said a commentary in Changjiang Daily on Monday.

In fact, many robust economies have a workforce with a comparatively small share of college degree holders. In Germany, for instance, that figure is 26 percent, and more than 58 percent of students choose to pursue vocational or technical education after they graduate from secondary school.

In China, although millions of high school and college graduates enter the job market every year, the nation still suffers from a severe short supply of technical talent. In terms of computer numerical controlled or CNC machine operators alone, China has a gap of 600,000, and many companies have a hard time finding the skilled workers they need despite offering a competitive remuneration package.

Some people are quick to conclude that Chinese students are not keen on seeking vocational or technical education on account of occupational prejudice and the idea that only a college degree can lead to career success, but this is not entirely true.

A comprehensive support mechanism still needs to be established to integrate vocational training and employment and protect the rights of technical workers. Meanwhile, China has for years acted as an original equipment manufacturer, but greater efforts are needed to invigorate the manufacturing sector, which as a whole seems less appealing for students than such industries as real estate and finance.

Vocational education in China is also facing multiple challenges. For instance, many teachers themselves lack hands-on technique experience, and the lack of close ties between schools and companies results in students either being spoon-fed or being exploited as unpaid laborers.

All these are restraining the growth of the country's technical talent. Reform of the national college entrance examination alone will not produce the desired result, supporting measures are also needed to ensure the country has the skilled workers it needs.

据教育部副部长鲁昕介绍，国家将实行高考改革，第一种高考模式就是现在的高考，学术型人才的高考，培养学术人才。第二种高考模式是技能型高考，旨在技术技能人才的培养。

长江日报3月24日的一一篇报道称：虽然受过高等教育的劳动力很重要，但绝不是国民经济的唯一支柱。

事实上，在很多经济发达的国家，具有高学历的劳动力所占比例相对较小。以德国为例，只有26%的劳动者具有高学历。超过58%的高中毕业生选择职业教育和技能教育。

中国虽然每年有几百万高中毕业生和大学毕业生进入劳动市场，但是技术人才仍然供不应求。就数控机床操作员来说，缺口高达60万人。尽管提供了具有竞争力的薪酬待遇，许多公司依然很难招到他们需要的技术工人。

有人很快就得出结论，中国学生不喜欢职业教育或者技能教育。因为职业偏见，人们认为通常认为，只有大学学历才能保证事业的成功。然而事实并非总是如此。

因此需要建立综合的保障机制来保障技术工人的权益。这些年来，中国作为原始设备制造商，一直为世界上其他国家代工生产，但相对于房地产、金融等行业，制造业对毕业生一直缺乏吸引力。因此，要采取更多措施鼓励毕业生从事制造业的工作。

职业教育在中国也受到多重挑战。例如，许多教师本身就缺少实际操作经验；学校和企业之间的联系不够紧密。结果导致学生接受的是填鸭式教育或者成为学校的免费劳工。

以上这些因素都制约着中国技工人才的培养。如果没有没有相应的改革措施培养更多技术人才，单单进行高考模式的改革，将很难取得预期的效果。

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