Lesson 21 Talking About the Past and the Present 谈论过去和现在

Lesson 21 Talking About the Past and the Present 谈论过去和现在

Conversation A : On a Farm?

MARTIN: I like your farm, Walter.?
WALTER: Thanks. I like the farm, too. I lived in town for seven years.?MARTIN: But you liked the farm??
WALTER: Yes. My father was a farmer. I was a child. And then I was a student. I lived in the country for nineteen years.?
MARTIN: Did you work with your father??
WALTER: Of course. I worked in the morning, and I worked in the evening.?MARTIN: Did you go to school??
WALTER: Yes. I went to high school in town.?
WALTER: Some farmers don't like animals.?
MARTIN: You have cows??
WALTER: That's right. I like sheep, too.?
MARTIN: Do you grow corn and beans??
WALTER: Yes. But I have cows and sheep. Do you like sheep??
MARTIN: I like animals. But I live in the city.?
WALTER: Where is your home??
MARTIN: I live in Baltimore.?
WALTER: Do you have a family??
MARTIN: Yes. I have a wife, a son and a daughter.?
WALTER: Are they with you here??
MARTIN: No, they're in Baltimore. My wife is working.?
WALTER: My brother lives in Philadelphia. That's in the East.?
MARTIN: That's right.?
WALTER: My sister lives in the West. She lives in Los Angeles. She lived in San Diego last year.?
MARTIN: Is she married??
WALTER: Yes, she is.?
MARTIN: What does she do??
WALTER: She makes airplanes. Her husband makes airplanes, too.?MARTIN: Are your parents living??
WALTER: Yes, they are.?
MARTIN: Where do they live??
WALTER: They live in San Diego. They lived with my sister.
MARTIN: Was your sister married??
WALTER: No. She is married now. She married last year. She moved to Los Angeles. They stayed in San Diego.?

Practice 1：did 引导过去时的一般疑问句，用以询问过去的事情。句型结构是：“Did+主语+动词原形+其它?”?
Examples:  MARTIN: Did you work last year??
WALTER: Yes, I worked with my father.?
MARTIN: Did she live with her parents??
WALTER: Yes, she lived with her parents.?
MARTIN: Did they walk to town??
WALTER: Yes, they walked to town.?

会话 A  在一家农场?
马  丁：沃尔特，我喜欢你的农场。?
沃尔特：谢谢，我也喜欢农场。我在城里住了7年。?
马  丁：但你喜欢农场??
沃尔特：是的，我父亲是农民，我从童年到学生时代在乡下住了19年。?
马  丁：你那时和你父亲在一起干活吗??
沃尔特：当然，我在早上和晚上干活。?
马  丁：你那时上学吗??
沃尔特：是的，我在城里的中学上学。有些农场主不喜欢动物。?
马  丁：你养牛??
沃尔特：对，我也喜欢羊。
马  丁：你种玉米和豆子吗??
沃尔特：种，但我也养牛和羊，你喜欢羊吗??
马  丁：我喜欢动物，但我住在城里(无法饲养动物)。?
沃尔特：你的家在哪儿??
马  丁：我住在巴尔的摩。?
沃尔特：你成家了吗??
马  丁：成了，我有妻子，儿子和女儿。?
沃尔特：他们和你一起来这儿了吗??
马  丁：没有，他们在巴尔的摩，我妻子上班。?
沃尔特：我兄弟住在费城，在美国东部。?
马  丁：不错。?
沃尔特：我妹妹住在西部，她住在洛杉矶，她去年住在圣地亚哥。?
马  丁：她结婚了吗??
沃尔特：结婚了。?
马  丁：她做什么工作??
沃尔特：她制造飞机，她丈夫也是造飞机的。?
马  丁：你的父母还健在吗??
沃尔特：是的。?
马  丁：他们住在哪儿??
沃尔特：他们住在圣地亚哥，他们过去和我妹妹住在一起。?
马  丁：那时，你妹妹结婚了吗??
沃尔特：没有，但她现在结婚了，她去年结的婚。她搬到了洛杉矶 ，他们现在住在圣地亚哥。
 

Conversation B?

WALTER: Let's walk to the house. Do you want some coffee?
MARTIN: Yes, please.?
WALTER: See the corn?
MARTIN: Where??
WALTER: Look to the south.
MARTIN: Is that south? I see the corn.?
WALTER: Now look to the west.
MARTIN: I can see soybeans.?
WALTER: That's right. I grow corn and beans.
MARTIN: Do you visit your mother and father??
WALTER: My wife and I visited my mother and father last year.
MARTIN: Did you visit your sister??
WALTER: No, we didn't. She visited us here.
MARTIN: Do you visit your brother??
WALTER: No, he visited us, too. We had a family reunion.
WALTER: Please sit down, Martin. Rebecca! We're here! Martin, this is my wife, Rebecca.
MARTIN: I'm happy to meet you.?
REBECCA: Thank you. How are you??
MARTIN: Fine, thanks. I like your house.?
REBECCA: The farm houses are old. Coffee??
MARTIN: Please.?
REBECCA: Walter??
WALTER: Yes, please.?
REBECCA: Did you see the farm??
MARTIN: Yes, I saw the cows and sheep.?
WALTER: We walked to the river. We talked about the family reunion.?MARTIN: I'm writing about farm families.?
REBECCA: Did you visit the Kessler family reunion??
MARTIN: Yes, I did. I visited some farms, too. May I ask some questions about your family??
REBECCA: Ok. More coffee??
MARTIN: No, thanks. Do you have brothers and sisters??
REBECCA: I have two brothers.?
MARTIN: Are they farmers??
REBECCA: One is a farmer.?
MARTIN: Where does he live??
REBECCA: He lives north of here. He has two boys.?
MARTIN: Two sons. No daughters??
REBECCA: That's right. They are very small. One son is four. One is two.?MARTIN: Where does your other brother live??
REBECCA: He lives in Chicago. He drives a truck.?

Practice 2：一般疑问句句尾用升调，陈述句句尾用降调。把下列陈述句变为一般疑问句。
Examples:  They are small.→ Are they small??
He has two boys.→ Does he have two boys??
He lives in Chicago.→ Does he live in Chicago??

会话 B?
沃尔特：我们往房子这边走，喝点咖啡吗??
马  丁：好的，请。?
沃尔特：看到玉米了吗??
马  丁：在哪里??
沃尔特：向南面看。?
马  丁：那是南面吗?我看到玉米了。?
沃尔特：再往西面看。?
马  丁：我能看见黄豆。?
沃尔特：对了，我种玉米和大豆。?
马  丁：你去看你的父母吗??
沃尔特：我和妻子去年看过。?
马  丁：你去看过你的妹妹吗??
沃尔特：没有，她来这儿看过我们。?
马  丁：你去看过你的兄弟吗??
沃尔特：没有，也是他来看过我们。我们搞过家庭聚会。?
沃尔特：请坐，马丁。丽贝卡，来客人了。马丁，这是我妻子，丽贝卡。?
马  丁：见到你很高兴。?
丽贝卡：谢谢，你好吗??
马  丁：我很好，谢谢。我喜欢你们的房子。?
丽贝卡：农场的房子旧了。来杯咖啡吗??
马  丁：好的，请来一杯。?
丽贝卡：沃尔特要吗??
沃尔特：好的，请。?
丽贝卡：你看过我们的农场了吗??
马  丁：看过了，我看到了牛和羊。?
沃尔特：我们步行去过河边，我们谈到了家庭聚会。
马  丁：我正在写有关农民家庭的报导。?
丽贝卡：你参加凯斯勒家的家庭聚会了吗??
马  丁：是的，我还参观了一些家场。我可以问一些有关你家庭的问题吗??
丽贝卡：可以，再来些咖啡??
马  丁：不了，谢谢。你有兄弟姐妹吗??
丽贝卡：我有两个兄弟。?
马  丁：他们都是农民吗??
丽贝卡：一个是农民。?
马  丁：他住在哪儿??
丽贝卡：他住在这儿的北面，他有两个男孩。?
马  丁：两个儿子，没有女儿吗??
丽贝卡：是的，孩子都很小，一个4岁，一个两岁。?
马  丁：你的另一个兄弟在哪儿住??
丽贝卡：他住在芝加哥，他是开卡车的。
?
Conversation C?

REBECCA: Do you have a family, Martin? ?
MARTIN: Yes, I do. I have a wife and two children. Our home is in Baltimore. Do you have a large family??
WALTER: I don't.?
REBECCA: I do. My mother and father live in town. I have aunts and uncles in the East and in the West.?
MARTIN: Are your grandparents living??
REBECCA: Yes, they are.?
MARTIN: Where do they live??
REBECCA: My mother's parents live in town.
REBECCA: My father's parents live in Phoenix.?
MARTIN: Do they work??
REBECCA: No, they're retired.?
MARTIN: What do your aunts and uncles do??
REBECCA: Everything.?
WALTER: That's right.?
MARTIN: Tell me.?
REBECCA: Two aunts are teachers. One uncle is an electrician. Two, no, three uncles are farmers. One aunt is a secretary. One uncle works in a factory. More??

会话 C?
丽贝卡：马丁，你成家了吗??
马  丁：是的，我有妻子和两个孩子，家在巴尔的摩。你家里人多吗??
沃尔特：不多。?
丽贝卡：我家人多，我父母住在城里，我的姑姑们和叔叔们住在东部和西部。?马  丁：你的祖父母还健在吗??
丽贝卡：是的。?
马  丁：他们住在哪儿??
丽贝卡：我母亲的父母住在城里，我父亲的父母住在菲尼克斯。?
马  丁：他们工作吗??
丽贝卡：不，他们退休了。?
马  丁：你的姑姑们和叔叔们做什么工作??
丽贝卡：干什么的都有。?
沃尔特：正是。?
马  丁：讲给我听听。?
丽贝卡：两个姑姑是教师，一个叔叔是电工，两个，不，3个叔叔是农民，一个姑姑是秘书，一个叔叔在工厂工作，还想听吗。?
 

New Words and Expressions 生词和短语?

bean   n. 豆?
move   v. 迁移；搬家?
soybean   n. 大豆；黄豆?
sit down  v. 坐下?
retired   adj. 退休的；退职的?
electrician   n. 电工；电器技师?
 

Proper Nouns 专有名词?

Philadelphia   费城?
Los Angeles   洛杉矶?
San Diego   地亚哥?
Chicago   芝加哥?
Phoenix   菲尼克斯?
 

Language Points 语言要点? 
 
1. in the East(在东部)，to the West(在西面，向西面)，north of here(在这儿的北面)in 和 to 是英语中常用的两个表示方位的介词，in 含有“在……内部”的意思，介词 to 表示“往……方向去”。故，in the East 和 in the West 是“在东部”和“在西部”的意思；to the west 意思为“在(向)西面”。另外，文中 East 和 West 都大写了首字母，表示是美国的东部和西部。课文中另一句有关方位的句子是 He lives north of here. 这里的 north 是副词，相当于 in the north。here 是名词。?   
2. stay 和 live 的区别：stay 是暂时性的居住，live 是较长期的居住。? 
3. She married last year. 她去年结婚。动作是发生在过去，说明她现在的状态是已婚了，即 She is married now. 过去时的句子表明过去的行为。注意区别动词的词形变化，本课出现了几个不规则动词变形，请注意记忆。它们是：go→went，sit→sat，have→had。
 

Cultural Notes  文化注释

美国四分之三家庭住在城市，大约百分之五弱的家庭住在农场，居住在小城市的家庭到处都是，约有5，000万美国人住在不到2，500人的小社区内。