第35课：动词词组（一）

一.本课要点及示例

   在这一课里,    我们练习几个由动词和介词构成的动词词组, 比方   "继续" keep on, k-e-e-p o-n, keep on. "延迟" put off, p-u-t o-f-f, put off,    "放弃"   give up, g-i-v-e  u-p, give up 等等, 我们还要学习由动词跟动名词构成的动词词组, 比方 "考虑参加" consider joining, "停止磋商" stop negotiating 等等.

   现在我们先来听今天这一课的对话,    内容是说珍妮跟同学鲍勃谈起了大学毕业之后要不要上研究院的事情.    请你注意听两位英文老师的发音和语调.

   M: Are you going on to graduate school when you get your BA?
   F:  I've considered going on for a Master's Degree, but I may postpone getting it.
   M: Why is that?
   F:  I think I'd like to work for a while before I start graduate school.
   M: I've considered working for a while, but I don't want to put off learning Chinese.
   F:  Have you considered taking time off to go to China again?
   M: I've  thought  of  doing  that.  If  I get  a  chance,  I  will.  Otherwise,  I'll  finish  the graduate program and then go.
   F:  With a graduate degree, you will have more opportunities.

   现在我请两位英文老师再把整段对话用慢速度念一遍.

   M: Are you going on to graduate school when you get your BA?
   F:  I've considered going on for a Master's Degree, but I may postpone getting it.
   M: Why is that?
   F:  I think I'd like to work for a while before I start graduate school.
   M: I've considered working for a while, but I don't want to put off learning Chinese.
   F:  Have you considered taking time off to go to China again?
   M: I've  thought  of  doing  that.  If  I get  a  chance,  I  will. Otherwise,  I'll   finish  the graduate program and then go.
   F:  With a graduate degree, you will have more opportunities.

   下面老师把对话里包含今天要学的语法的句子用慢速度再念一遍给你听.

   F:  I've considered going on for a Master's Degree.
   F:  I may postpone getting it.
   M: I've considered working for a while.
   M: I don't want to put off learning Chinese.
   F:  Have you considered taking time off?

二.BE THINKING OF

   听了上面那些句子, 我想你对我们今天要学的两种动词词组的用法已经有些概念.   第一种就是用上介词和动名词的动词词组.    下面我们用 is thinking of加上动名词来表示 "想作什么事", 比方 "珍妮想辍学".     这句话英文可以这样说 Jenny  is thinking of quitting  school. 下面我们作一组练习看看珍妮想作什么.  由老师念一个句子,   接着老师念一个词组,    学生就把词组代换到原来的句子里. 请你跟学生一起作练习.

   M: Jenny is thinking of quitting school.
   M: selling all her books
   F:  Jenny is thinking of selling all her books.
   M: moving to the east coast
   F:  Jenny is thinking of moving to the east coast.
   M: finding a high paying job there.
   F:  Jenny is thinking of finding a high paying job there.
   M: renting an apartment in the city
   F:  Jenny is thinking of renting an apartment in the city.
   M: buying a car
   F:  Jenny is thinking of buying a car.

三.用KEEP ON, PUT OFF, GIVE UP做问答练习

   珍妮不想念书,  因为她想搬到东部找份工作.当然找工作不容易, 珍妮试了一次可是没成功, 她是不是应该继续试呢? 现在我们用keep on, k-e-e-p o-n, keep on加上动名词作一组练习说明珍妮应该继续作什么事. 在这组练习里你也可以学到在美国找工作的过程, 比方  " 查找求人的广告"   checking   want-ads,"申请工作"  applying  for  jobs.  "寄履历表"    mailing  resumes 等等. 请你注意听老师提出的问题, 并且作肯定的答覆.   每作完一句就请你听老师念正确答案.

   M: Should Jenny keep on trying?
   F:  Yes, she should keep on trying.
   M: Should Jenny keep on looking?
   F:  Yes, she should keep on looking.
   M: Should Jenny keep on checking the want-ads in the newspaper?
   F:  Yes, she should keep on checking the want-ads in the newspaper.
   M: Should Jenny keep on applying for jobs?
   F:  Yes, she should keep on applying for jobs.
   M: Should Jenny keep on writing letters to corporations?
   F:  Yes, she should keep on writing letters to corporations.
   M: Should Jenny keep on mailing her resumes?
   F:  Yes, she should keep on mailing her resumes.

   鲍勃想到中国去念书和教书. 为了这么作他必须把其他计划, 比方 " 念硕士学位" working for a master's degree.  "念国际法"    studying international laws,"  作一星期四十小时的工作" taking a full-time job 等等往后延.    现在我们作一组练习, 用 "延期"  put off, p-u-t o-f-f, put off    加上动名词作一些句子,  一方面练习语法, 一方面练习词汇.  现在请你注意听老师问问题. 并且作肯定的答覆.   每作完一句就请你听老师念正确答案.

   M: Will Bob put off going to graduate school?
   F:  Yes, he will put off going to graduate school.
   M: Will he put off studying international laws?
   F:  Yes, he will put off studying international laws.
   M: Will he put off working for a master's degree?
   F:  Yes, he will put off working for a master's degree.
   M: Will he put off taking a full time job?
   F:  Yes, he will put off taking a full time job.
   M: Will he put off touring the United States?
   F:  Yes, he will put off touring the United States.

   下面我们用 "放弃" give up, g-i-v-e u-p, give up 加上动名词作句子,看看鲍勃为了到中国去是不是应该放弃他的一些个人喜好, 比方抽烟, 画画儿等等.  练习的作法是老师提出一个问题, 学生就根据问题作否定的答覆.学生作练习的时候请你也一起作.

   M: Does he have to give up smoking?
   F:  No, he doesn't have to give up smoking.
   M: Does he have to give up studying?
   F:  No, he doesn't have to give up studying.
   M: Does he have to give up traveling?
   F:  No, he doesn't have to give up traveling.
   M: Does he have to give up painting?
   F:  No, he doesn't have to give up painting.
   M: Does he have to give up playing tennis?
   F:  No, he doesn't have to give up playing tennis.
   M: Does he have to give up camping?
   F:  No, he doesn't have to give up camping.

四.SUCCEEDED IN

   珍妮和鲍勃大学毕业之后都暂时不想继续念研究院. 可是在美国许多大学生在大三, 大四的时候就已经想好了将来要念哪个研究院;     美国许多研究院也不断地改善设施, 提高学生人数.下面我们作一组练习用succeeded    in,  s-u-c- c-e-e-d-e-d i-n, succeeded in    加上动名词作一些过去时态句子, 说明学校当局成功地作了什么事, 比方 "使教学设备现代化"     updating teaching equipment."筹募私人赠款" raising private donations, "消除预算赤字" eliminating budget deficit 等等. 练习的作法是老师先念一个句子, 接着老师念一个词组, 你就把词组代换到原来的句子里, 每作完一句,    就请你听老师把句子再念一遍.

   M: The university administration succeeded in increasing student enrollment.
   M: improving school facilities
   F:  The university administration succeeded in improving  school    facilities.
   M: updating teaching equipment
   F:  The university administration succeeded in updating teaching equipment
   M: raising private donations
   F:  The university administration succeeded in raising private donations.
   M: eliminating budget deficit
   F:  The university administration succeeded in eliminating budget deficit.

五.动词加动名词

   下面我们学习动词加上动名词的用法. 在上一课里, 我们学过一个英文句子里如果有两个动词都是说明同一个主语的时候必须在两个动词之间加上 to,  比方 I want to study  等等.   不过有些动词例外,     比方   "延迟"  postpone,  "考虑"consider, "停止" quit, "后悔" regret,"恢复" resume  等等.   要在这些动词后面再加一个动词的时候必须把第二个动词改成动名词, 比方 consider  going,   quit smoking, resume studying 等等.

   现在我们作一组练习学学这种词组. 练习的内容都是跟学校有关系的, 比方学校当局延迟提高学费, 教师工会后悔组织罢工等等.练习的作法是老师提出一个问题,你就作肯定的答覆. 比方老师说: Did the professors regret organizing a strike? 你就回答说: Yes, they regretted organizing a strike.

    现在我们开始作练习, 每作完一句就请你听老师念正确答案.

   M: Did the administration postpone raising tuition?
   F:  Yes, it postponed raising tuition.
   M: Did the administration postpone cutting salaries?
   F:  Yes, it postponed cutting salaries.
   M: Did the administration consider improving school facilitis?
   F:  Yes, it considered improving school facilities.
   M: Did the administration consider updating teaching equipment?
   F:  Yes, it considered updating teaching equipment.
   M: Has the administration quit negotiating with the teachers' union?
   F:  Yes, it has quit negotiating with the teachers' union.
   M: Has the administration quit bargaining with the teachers' union?
   F:  Yes, it has quit bargaining with the teachers' union.
   M: Did the professors regret organizing a strike?
   F:  Yes, they regretted organizing a strike.
   M: Did the professors regret missing classes?
   F:  Yes, they regretted missing classes.
   M: Have the professors resumed teaching yet?
   F:  Yes, they have resumed teaching.
   M: Have the students resumed attending classes yet?
   F:  Yes, they have resumed attending classes.

六.听短文回答问题

   现在我请英文老师念一篇介绍美国研究院的文章. 这篇文章谈到美国学生为什么要念研究院.现在请你注意听, 等一会儿, 我们要根据文章问你几个问题.

   Most  American  university  students study  for   four years or more to get a college degree. During this time, they are called undergraduate students.   When a student  completes his courses,  he  earns  a  bachelor  degree  which  will  help  him  find  a  job.   Many  students postpone finding jobs.  They stay at  the  university  and  work  for a  higher degree. Other studens take a job for a  few years. Then they  quit working,    and  they resume studying at the university.  These  students  work  to  earn  higher  degrees;  a  master's or a doctorate. They  are called graduate students. Graduate students specialize in a particular field of study.  They study to  become experts in  this  field  and  to  learn  new  advances  in  their  fields  while  they earn an M.A. or Ph.D. Sometimes  when  they  get  an  M. A.  in one  field  they   begin studying  another  field.  They  hope  that  when  they  earn  their graduate  degrees  they  will  succeed  in finding important jobs. They hope to  get jobs that are interesting and high paying. The life of a graduate student is often difficult. They are usually too busy studying to  make a good living. Often they have to pay high tuition fees for  their education. Some  give  up studying before they get their degrees. But most  keep on working at their studies until they graduate. In today's  world,  most  graduate  students don't  regret  spending  time  with  their studies. They are finding that things are changing very fast. New developments are occurring in all fields. For many graduate study has  become a necessity.

   现在老师先把等一会儿要问你的问题念一遍给你听.

   第一个问题是:
   M: What degrees do graduate students work to earn?
   第二个问题是:
   M: Why do people go to graduate school?
   第三个问题是:
   M: Why has graduate study become necessary for many people nowadays?

   现在我请英文老师再把整篇文章用慢速度念一遍给你听.

   Most  American  university  students study  for   four years or more to get a college degree. During this time, they are called undergraduate students.   When a student  completes his courses,  he  earns  a  bachelor  degree  which  will  help  him  find  a  job.   Many  students postpone finding jobs.  They stay at  the  university  and  work  for a  higher degree. Other studens take a job for a  few years. Then they  quit working,    and  they resume studying at the university.  These  students  work  to  earn  higher  degrees;  a  master's or a doctorate. They  are called graduate students. Graduate students specialize in a particular field of study.  They study to  become experts in  this  field  and  to  learn  new  advances  in  their  fields  while  they earn an M.A. or Ph.D. Sometimes  when  they  get  an  M. A.  in one  field  they   begin studying  another  field.  They  hope  that  when  they  earn  their graduate  degrees  they  will  succeed  in finding important jobs. They hope to  get jobs that are interesting and high paying. The life of a graduate student is often difficult. They are usually too busy studying to  make a good living. Often they have to pay high tuition fees for  their education. Some  give  up studying before they get their degrees. But most  keep on working at their studies until they graduate. In today's  world,  most  graduate  students don't  regret  spending  time  with  their studies. They are finding that things are changing very fast. New developments are occurring in all fields. For many graduate study has  become a necessity.

   现在请你回答下面三个问题. 回答之后, 老师会念正确答案给你听.

   第一个问题是:
   M: What degree do graduate students work to earn?
   F:  They work to earn a master's or a doctorate.

   第二个问题是:
   M: Why do people go to graduate school?
   F:  They hope to find important interesting and high paying jobs with their degrees.

   第三个问题是:
   M: Why has graduate study become necessary for many people nowadays?
   F:  It is necessary because of changes and new developments in all fields.